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Moving from the upper course of a river to the lower course effects the rates of erosion, transportation and deposition change. This results in the development of large and small scale landforms.

Large scale landforms are found in the upper course of a river, meanders and floodplains are found in the middle and lower course, and small scale landforms can be found along all stages of a river.

Processes called erosion, mass movement and weathering break down and remove material from the coast. Many factors affect the rates of coastal erosion and the landforms created.

Large scale landforms include headlands/bays, beaches, cliffs, arches, stacks, spits and wave-cut platforms. There are also small scale landforms such as rock pools and wave-cut notches.

Flooding is a major issue in drainage basins in Wales, the UK and around the world. This section will explore what a drainage basin is, what processes operate in a drainage basin and why flooding occurs. It will also look at the effects of flooding in one UK location, and what can be done to manage and reduce the threat of future flooding.