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Programs must run correctly or they are of little value. The careful planning and testing of a program is essential, as is writing maintainable code which assists future updating.

Programs are designed and implemented using common building blocks, known as programming constructs. These constructs are sequence, selection and iteration and they form the basis for all programs.

Programs use data, known as ‘values’. Variables hold values. Each variable in a program must have a data type. Sometimes a programmer needs to store a lot of related data. To do this they use structures such as arrays.