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There are different ways to separate mixtures, for example by filtration, crystallisation, distillation or chromatography. The method chosen depends upon the type of mixture.

Quantitative analysis is used by chemists to make measurements and calculations. Alkalis neutralise acids to make salts and water. Their concentration can be analysed using titrations.

No atoms are created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. This allows calculations to be made on the quantities of substances that react and of the products made.

The percentage yield shows how much product is obtained compared to the maximum possible mass. Molar gas volume can be used to make calculations about reactions between gases.

Quantitative analysis is used by chemists to make measurements and calculations. Alkalis neutralise acids to make salts and water. Their concentration can be analysed using titrations.

Understanding how to approach exam questions helps to boost exam performance. Question types will include multiple choice, structured, mathematical and practical questions.