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As a result of migration, the UK’s population structure has changed considerably in terms of ethnic composition. Voluntary and forced migration can be determined by several factors.

The term 'rural' often refers to areas in the country which are less densely populated. Over recent years rural areas have come under pressure from housing developers, tourists and city-dwellers seeking a country life.

Retailing is the activity of selling goods or services to buyers for personal, family or household use. It has undergone a transformation in the past 60 years and this has had a profound effect on the cities and towns in which we live. It is a driving force for change in towns and cities within the UK and the world.