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A captured German dug-out

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• Risks of the journey
• Even at night the journey was highly dangerous. If suspicious that their opponents were on the move, the Germans would fire their powerful flares, which could turn night into daylight and were often a prelude to the 'splutter' of machine guns. The British troops quickly learned to identify different kinds of German shells, and gave them nicknames. A lighter one that exploded without a preceding whistle was the 'whizz-bang'.

British forces were at last beginning to establish a few outposts in the enemy line at Serre. Owen and his platoon had been ordered to take over a captured dug-out. They reached it without casualties, but their nerves must have been badly shaken.

German dug-outs were 30 feet or more below ground and better built than British ones, so the shelling, frightening as it was, could do little harm unless a shell happened to hit an entrance. One or two of the entrances had already been 'blown in & blocked'.

Conditions were made worse by the rainwater gradually flooding the dug-out. Water was one of the worst enemies of soldiers who dwelled in trenches. It was common for the men to suffer a condition known as 'trench foot', in which the feet literally rotted and sometimes became gangrenous.

Added to this was the psychological torment of inhabiting a ghostly place, filled with the spectres of the recent dead as well as reminders of the living enemy. Owen and his soldiers must have felt haunted by 'the smell of men / Who'd lived there years, and left their curse in the den, / If not their corpses ...'.