What do these great fictional detectives have in common?
Keen eyes. A highly perceptive mind. A heightened awareness of human behaviour, with all its flaws and foibles. A penchant for magnifying glasses.
Some of the attributes that are essential for great detectives are fairly easy to spot. But many of the finest gumshoes featured in novels, TV and film have some less obvious qualities that they share.
As 成人论坛 Radio 4 and 4 Extra's Whodunnits collection brings together some of the finest detective stories from the world's greatest criminal literary minds into one place, we've used our little grey cells to compile a list of their most idiosyncratic defining features.
So get out that magnifying glass and dive in...
Formidable follicles
While it's the inner workings of renowned detectives that impresses the most, our favourite fictional investigators often have a penchant for uncompromising hairstyles and face furniture. Obviously, the greatest of them all has to be Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot, described by the author as "a little man with enormous moustaches" in Murder on the Orient Express, and Kenneth Branagh's recent movie versions have featured the character's most outrageously sculptured examples yet.
Surely the brainy Belgian can only be bettered in the hairy upper lip stakes by the great Magnum PI, the 1980s Hawaii-based detective played by moustache hero Tom Selleck (a recent Magnum reboot featured an actor with a nude upper lip and so will not be considered). True Detective's Ray Velcoro, as portrayed by Colin Farrell, had an impressive Magnum-esque 'tasche of his own, while his partner Rustin Cohle (Matthew McConaughey) went for the droopy Yosemite Sam look. And, of course, there's the great(ish) Inspector Clouseau.
Moving upwards, several private eyes have sported memorable hairstyles, including Ace Ventura's bizarre quiff, Modesty Blaise's frequent colour changes, Charlie's Angel Jill Munroe's much copied, highly layered seventies-tastic look (with Farah Fawcett pulling off a 'Jennifer Aniston' long before Jennifer Aniston did) and Cadfael, who was landed with the rather severe, monk-favoured tonsure look.
So does the notable hair help? Obviously the supreme skills of the famously un-hirsute Kojak blows this theory out of the water.
A disregard for the rules
Sometimes the great sleuths have to bend the rules to get to the bottom of a case. Detective Chief Inspector John Luther, as played by Idris Elba, has actually developed a finger blister due to the number of times he has torn up the rule book.
Clint Eastwood's 'Dirty' Harry Callahan didn't get that sobriquet due to his personal hygiene habits and Lisbeth Salander from Stieg Larsson's Millennium series is angry, antisocial, violent and quite heavily (not to mention, dragonily) tattooed. John Constantine (played by Keanu Reeves in the movie version of the comic book) is known to summon demons to solve his occult cases. Jim Rockford of The Rockford Files was an ex-con (for a crime, remember, that he didn’t commit) who often shied away from convention to get his man.
Perhaps the most egregious rulebreaker is Dexter Morgan from Jeff Lindsay’s Dexter book and TV series, who is not only a blood-splatter analyst but also a part-time serial killer dispatching other murderers that he’s not too fond of.
Heroic headgear
If you think of words 'detective' and 'hat' then only one name springs to mind: Sherlock Holmes. Where, or who, would he be without his distinctive deerstalker, described, adorably, by author Conan Doyle as an "ear-flapped travelling cap"? But Holmes is not the only famous investigator to don some iconic headgear.
Ann Cleeves's Vera, as portrayed by Brenda Blethyn, wears a somewhat unflattering bucket hat (reportedly purchased from a market stall in Newcastle) which is not a million miles away from Miss Marple's floppy straw hat, especially in the 1980s 成人论坛 Joan Hickson iteration. GK Chesterton's Father Brown often has a Catholic priest's cappello romano perched on his ecclesiastical dome.
Hardboiled gumshoes such as Philip Marlowe and Sam Spade would not be seen dead without a distinctive trilby, as did the slightly suaver French detective Maigret. The fashion forward Benoit Blanc from the Knives Out film series has also been known to enjoy a pretty snazzy dark navy velvet smoking cap with silver embroidery.
Other strings to their bows
All great detectives need a distraction after a hard day of investigating, and some have particularly bespoke hobbies to help them unwind. Inspector 'Tequila' Yuen from John Woo's ultraviolent Hard Boiled movie enjoys playing the clarinet when he isn't shooting guns. Other famous musical prodigies include Sherlock Holmes with his violin and Lord Peter Whimsy and his piano, while Ian Rankin’s Detective Inspector Rebus has an extensive vinyl record collection.
Inspector Morse is good at crosswords, Columbo is a master of foreign languages, Poirot grew vegetables, PD James's Adam Dalgliesh wrote poetry, Sara Paretsky's VI Warshawski enjoyed a spot of karate and Charles Paris would occasionally indulge in acting, when not investigating thespian-based crimes.
And the legendary Nancy Drew appeared to excel at everything as, according to one of the many anonymous Drew authors, she painted well, spoke French, drove expertly, was a great tennis player and "danced like Ginger Rogers". I mean, that's just showing off.
A way with words
Every great detective needs a catchphrase.
Columbo always uttered "just one more thing" before trapping his suspect, while the John Thaw version of Inspector Morse was forever yelling "LEWIS!" at the top of his lungs.
Poirot often used his "little grey cells" to unmask a murderer.
Hawaii Five-O's Detective Steve McGarrett constantly implored Danno to "book 'em".
Joe Friday from Dragnet insisted on "Just the facts, ma'am" and Kojak tended to say "Who loves ya, baby?" for no clear reason.
Sherlock Holmes was known to declaim that "the game is afoot!" (quoting Shakespeare, no less), but his most famous catchphrase, "Elementary, my dear Watson", never appeared in any of Conan Doyle's books.
He was known to say 'elementary' and 'my dear Watson' on separate occasions, so putting them together in his many later incarnations probably just seemed, well, elementary.
You can hear an array of famous detectives in action by listening to 成人论坛 Radio 4 and 4 Extra's Whodunnits collection here.
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