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The Origins of World War Two
The wartime effort in peacetime disintegrated. British industry which had focussed on the war had now, once again, to focus on trade. The Unions called their workers out on strike. Soldiers demonstrated against demobilisation taking too long. Tariffs on trade were removed. The pound was allowed to find its natural value. By the end of 1919 wholesale prices in Britain were three times as much as before the war. Inflation rocketed. Pay demands soared with inflation.
Meanwhile the French were determined that Germany should pay millions of pounds to victims and victors. The Germans never accepted their defeat. The Kaiser abdicated and a new Republic was set up at Weimar. President Wilson believed that the only way to maintain peace was through the League of Nations but Congress refused to ratify the treaty and therefore America never joined.
John Maynard Keynes |
JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES (1883-1946), First Baron Keynes- Born in Cambridge
- A renowned economist
- His father was a lecturer in political economics
- His mother was the first Lady Mayor of Cambridge
- Read Mathematics at Cambridge
- Went into the India Office but returned to Cambridge in 1908
- Went to work for the Treasury during the First World War and was one of the few who understood that making Germany pay heavy war reparations was a disastrous policy
- Published The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936
- Married a ballerina, Lydia Loppokova and became first Chairman of the Arts Council.
Professor Ernest Rutherford split the atom in 1919.
Aims Of The United Nations
- Open covenants of peace - no secret arrangements
- Freedom of navigation
- Removal of trade barriers
- National Armaments to be reduced to the lowest level possible for national domestic safety
- Free, open minded and impartial adjustment of colonial claims
- Evacuation of all Russian territory
- Evacuation of Belgium
- All French territory to be freed and Alsace Lorraine to be returned
- The frontiers of Italy to be readjusted
- The people of Austria-Hungary to be offered autonomy
- Romania, Serbia and Monte-Negro to be evacuated
- Turkish parts of the Ottoman Empire to be assured of sovereignty
- Independent Polish state to be established with an access to the sea [the Baltic]
- An Association of Nations to be formed to guarantee independence and territorial integrity
 
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| 1914 | Irish Home Rule Act is passed
World War I breaks out
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| 1915 | Coalition government
Churchill resigns
Lusitania sinks
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| 1916 | Lloyd George becomes Prime Minister
Easter rising in Ireland
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| 1917 | America joins the war
Russian Revolution
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| 1918 | RAF is formed
World War I ends
Coupon Election is held
Rationing is introduced
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| 1920 | Government of Ireland Act
Communist Party of Great Britain is formed
The League of Nations is founded
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| 1921 | The Irish Free State is formed
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| 1922 | Bonar Law becomes Prime Minister
Labour Party becomes the formal Opposition
Mussolini becomes Prime Minister of Italy
Stalin becomes Soviet leader
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| 1923 | Baldwin becomes Prime Minister
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| 1924 | First Labour government
Lenin dies.
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