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Dates: b. 1918 / d. 1990

Nationality: American

Period: 20th Century

Genre: Musical Theatre

Key Musical Elements:

• Duration
• Metre
• Rhythm

Leonard – or 'Lenny' – Bernstein was an American composer, conductor and pianist who had a long and varied musical career. When he was very young, Bernstein first heard someone playing a piano and he was captivated immediately. He decided he wanted to learn the piano too, and started to have lessons on his aunt's old hand-me-down instrument. He went on to have a musical a career spanning over fifty years.

One of his most popular works is a re-imagining of Shakespeare's famous tragedy 'Romeo and Juliet' into a New York gang warfare setting, full of passion and jealous rivalries – a musical you may have heard of: 'West Side Story'. The 'Mambo' comes from this high-energy musical. It's a fast-paced, Cuban-inspired dance that's guaranteed to make you want to move… which is exactly what Bernstein wanted. For him, music wasn't about writing or reading notes on a page, but instead about how it made you feel physically.

Listen out for: The percussion section, which is an important part of this composition driving the fast rhythms and busy orchestration. Listen out for the Cuban inspired rhythms and the shouting of ‘Mambo’ which has to be shouted perfectly in time. The rhythms played in the orchestra a fast too and have to be carefully articulated. The driving rhythms create an exciting, fast paced, high energy effect.

Bernstein loved rhythm, and you can hear that influence in 'Mambo'. It's certainly a piece that jumps!

Leonard Bernstein

Bernstein was one of the central figures in 20th Century American music. He was a conductor, composer, educator, pianist and TV star. He was born into a comfortable but unmusical family and studied music at Harvard University. He first shot to worldwide fame when he stepped in at the last minute for conductor Bruno Walter with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra in 1943. The concert was broadcast on the radio and Bernstein became an instant star. After the war, he became known as a composer too and wrote all different types of music including symphonies, musicals, operas and films.

Perhaps his biggest success was with his musical West Side Story - a re-telling of Romeo and Juliet updated and moved to New York City. He was also a celebrity and regularly appeared on TV. He even had a series which ran for many years and helped to explain music to children.

MP3: Listen to or download the music

To save to your computer: PC - right-click and save, Mac - ctrl-click and save.

Lesson Plans

Download classroom lesson plans to explore Bernstein's music (available as PDFs).

To save to your computer: PC - right-click and save, Mac - ctrl-click and save.

To enable all images to work in the Powerpoint files please save the file to your computer. To save to your computer: PC - right-click and save, Mac - ctrl-click and save.

Primary lesson plans:

Lesson plan by Rachel Leach

Suitable for:
*Key Stage 2 in England and Wales
*Second Level, P5-P7 in Scotland
*Key Stage 1/Key Stage 2 in Northern Ireland

Arrangements: Play the piece with simplified parts

All parts have been designed to work together to enable mixed-ability groups to perform together

Beginner/Pre-Grade 1

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Grade 1-3

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Grade 4-5

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Combined score

Original instrumentation

In case you're considering using original parts together with these arrangements, you may find the composer's original instrumentation helpful:

2+p.2+c/a.2+Eb/c+b/c.+a/sx.2. – 4.3.3.1. – T – 7P – Pf - strings