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Charlie Sloth

On Air Now 16:00Ìý– 17:45

What happened in 1999

  • Rosa Parks was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in USA after a life dedicated to fighting racism. She was a symbol of the Civil Rights Movement after refusing to move to the back of a bus for a white man to sit down in December 1955.This courageous woman was arrested and the Montgomery Bus Boycott (Alabama) followed. The entire black community boycotted public buses for 381 days. Ultimately the case resulted in the United States Supreme Court ruling that segregated bus service was unconstitutional. She passed away on October 24 2005, aged 92.
  • Sir William Macpherson's report into the police handling of the murder of black Stephen Lawrence contained a withering attack on racist attitudes within the Metropolitan Police force. It introduced the expression 'institutional racism' and sparked the most profound reappraisal of race relations and the justice system since the Brixton riots in 1981.
  • More than 1 billion people across the world - one-sixth of humanity - logged on to three overlapping Netaid pop concerts in London, New York City and Geneva, broadcast live on the internet at www.netaid.org. All the stars, including Puff Daddy, performed free with £7.5 million from the event given to help refugees in Kosovo and Sudan.
  • The leaders of Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda signed a treaty forming a regional trading bloc. The agreement, which revived an idea that collapsed in 1977, laid the groundwork for a common East African passport, flag and ultimately monetary integration.
  • In an extraordinary ruling the High Court stripped Zambia's founding father and first President, Kenneth Kaunda, of his citizenship. He was effectively declared stateless. Later that year he survived an assassination attempt.
  • The President of Niger, Ibrahim Bare Mainassara, was murdered by members of his personal guard in the capital, Niamey. He had been the country's leader since seizing power in a military coup in 1996.
  • Thabo Mbeki succeeded Nelson Mandela as President in the first transfer of power in South Africa between two democratically elected leaders.
  • American jazz vibraphonist Milt Jackson died. He was considered one of the pioneers of modern jazz who was known both as an outstanding blues and a jazz improviser. He co-founded the Modern Jazz Quartet, and worked with many of the great names including Dizzy Gillespie, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis and Thelonious Monk.
  • Evander Holyfield became the world heavyweight champion, beating Lennox Lewis. The judges' decision was condemned by all sides as Lewis was deemed to have won the fight. Later that year Lewis beat Holyfield on points to win the WBC and IBF title.

In the music

  • It was unprecedented in the history of black music; in 1999 a white rapper broke through. There had been white rappers before - Blondie tried it in the 80s and Vanilla Ice in the 1990s - but no one took them seriously. But when Dr Dre gave his stamp of approval to Eminem, people gave the white Detroit rapper a chance. With an unsurpassed gift for hooks, controversy and concept tracks, he burst through the ranks of rappers to become a global megastar.
  • Kelis exploded into 1999 with the anti-boyfriend rant, Caught Out There. Feisty and quirky, she immediately stood out from the RnB crowd. Ladies who had been dumped by a man. Despite collaborations with The Neptunes her success in the US was not a given. It was only later with a hit Milkshake from her third album and newly formed relationship with Nas that she made it to A list RnB celebrity status.
  • The Neptunes' reign as super producers started with two hot tracks; Kelis' Caught Out There and ODB's Got Your Money. Within five years the duo would become the industry's most wanted, responsible for countless radio hits.
  • Roots Manuva dropped his debut album Brand New Second Hand. Succeeding where so many UK artists had failed before, he produced an engaging, reggae-influenced and uniquely British take on hip hop.
  • Soul legend Curtis Mayfield died. He was paralysed in 1990 after being hit by a falling rig while performing in New York, then in 1998 diabetes meant his right leg had to be amputated. He was a key star in black music in the 1960-70s, in part through the group, The Impressions. His work epitomised the Chicago Sound that rivalled Detroit's Tamla Motown, producing such hits as Move On Up, Superfly and Pusherman. He received four Grammy nominations.
  • It was a sad year for reggae, with many of its most acclaimed artists dying. I-Roy, Dennis Brown, Prince Lincoln Thompson, Henry "Junjo" Lawes and Augustus Pablo all passed away.
  • London's UK garage scene exploded into the national charts with the Artful Dodger's Rewind. The single is a UK No.1 and singer Craig David is quickly signed up as a solo artist. It marks a golden period for vocal UK garage that will last until at least 2001 when the scene returned underground.

Key Releases

Singles

  • - No Scrubs - TLC / No Pigeons
  • - Bills Bills Bills
  • - Simon Says
  • - Bug A Boo
  • - Caught Out There
  • ODB ft Kelis - Got Your Money
  • - Imagine (Club Asylum Remix)
  • - Down On Me / Scrappy
  • - Beats By Design EP

Albums

  • - The Slim Shady LP
  • - Greatest Hits
  • - Brand New Second Hand
  • - Fanmail

Grammy awards

  • - It's Not Right But It's Okay
  • - Staying Power
  • - No Scrubs
  • - Fanmail LP
  • - Staying Power
  • - My Name Is
  • - The Slim Shady LP
  • The Roots ft. Erykah Badu - You Got Me
  • - Calling Rastafari LP

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