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Sulfuric acid and the contact process [GCSE Chemistry only]Sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent

Sulfuric acid is used in the manufacture of paints, detergents and fertilisers. The contact process demonstrates a reversible reaction used in the production of sulfuric acid.

Part of Chemistry (Single Science)Reversible reactions, industrial processes and important chemicals

Sulfuric acid as a dehydrating agent

As well as being a strong acid, sulfuric acid is also a dehydrating agent, meaning it is very good at removing water from other substances. There are two examples you need to be aware of.

Example one

Concentrated sulfuric acid will remove water molecules from the blue crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate and leave behind a white powder, which is anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.

Adding concentrated sulfuric acid will remove water molecules from the blue crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate and leave behind a white powder, which is anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.

Example two

Concentrated sulfuric acid will remove water molecules from glucose molecules (C6H12O6) to leave behind pure carbon. This reaction is highly exothermic and produces a lot of steam which forces the carbon upwards in the reaction vessel. This makes the carbon look like a black snake growing out of the reaction container.

Adding concentrated sulfuric acid to glucose results in a highly exothermic reaction, where the carbon is forced upwards (like a black snake) in the reaction vessel within 60 seconds.