Film language and genres

When thinking about ‘moving images’ as part of a GCSE project, there are two main ways of working: live-action film makes use of live actors, and animated film can use different techniques like stop-motion and computer-generated imagery (CGI).

Films fall into a ‘category’ or ‘genre’ which are based on certain elements: setting, characters, mood, plot and theme. Film-makers are storytellers - they need to have all of the correct ingredients in their movie to have the desired impact.

Film language is the technical vocabulary used within the discipline. There are lots of technical terms and techniques, covering all areas of filmmaking.

Setting

Industrial port with fire and smoke erupting from the dockside — Image caption,
A set used for an action film

A film setting is the time and place of the story. Settings can be suggested through weather, architecture, environment, clothing and culture.

There are lots of different film genres - for instance action, crime, fantasy, horror and sci-fi.

Films can also mix multiple genres to create ‘hybrid genres’ such as rom-com, action-thriller or comedy-horror.

Plot

The plot is the basis of the story and the main events that take place. This can be quite straightforward and predictable or sometimes it can be the opposite and keep the viewer guessing what might happen next.

Mood and theme

Noir style black and white image of a shadowy figure in a hat and coat

Mood is the feeling and atmosphere that is created through different film elements. This can be through setting, characters, speech, imagery, colour and even more so through music and sound effects. Mood elements are designed to and enhance the onscreen action and emotion.

Themes can be thought of as the topic of a film, for example love, death, justice, good versus evil, loyalty and betrayal. Themes control the way the story and plot will unfold and are considered when making decisions about lots of elements of the film.

Characters

Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion linking arms on the Yellow Brick Road — Image caption,
The four main characters of the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz all have strong, clear character traits and personalities

The characters of a film bring to life the plot, story, setting and theme. The types of characters and personalities used in a film are often closely associated with specific film genres. They can display this through their physical characteristics, their behaviour and personality.

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Film and animation - AQAFilm language and genres