The Modahl model for confliction resolution
Four ago, a mistake was made that would have repercussions for years to come, bankrupt a sport and almost ruin an innocent woman's life.
When reigning 800m champion just before the 1994 Commonwealth Games in Canada, she was sent home in disgrace.
Almost a year later, however, (BAF) lifted her ban when it became clear her positive test was the result not of performance-enhancing drugs but the incorrect storage of her sample.
Nine months after the British authorities acknowledged the laboratory's error, the international federation followed suit. Modahl's reputation was restored and she was free to compete at the highest level again. The story should end here but it doesn't.
Four years later, Modahl would be back in court in tears after losing a £1m claim for damages against the BAF. Not that anybody at the governing body was smiling; the case had drained its bank account. Modahl was homeless and British athletics was bust.
Thankfully, lessons were learned and from the a new approach to settling sporting arguments was emerging: an independent arbitration service owned and ran by experts, the Sports Dispute Resolution Panel.
Modahl (centre) returned to the track after her reprieve but her legal case rumbled on. Photo: Getty
This panel, which would later be renamed the slightly catchier , is probably the most successful entity in British sport you have never heard of.
The recent , the peace settlement after Patrice Evra's , Rio Ferdinand's infamous ...think of any high-profile dispute in British sport and there is a good chance Sport Resolutions sorted it out.
It was the Higgins case that brought Sport Resolutions to my attention and in many ways it serves as the perfect example of how the organisation works.
For those who have forgotten, the three-time world snooker champion apparently agreeing to lose for money.
At first glance, it looked like an open-and-shut case of fraud. Fortunately for the Scot, it was a bit more complicated than that. To cut a longish story short, there was more (or actually less) to this than met the eye.
What was absolutely clear, however, is that snooker had to respond in a timely, thorough and transparent manner if its reputation as a credible sport was to emerge intact. An in-house investigation was a given but subsequent justice would need to be independent. This is where Sport Resolutions came in.
Already listed in 's rulebook as the court of final appeal (an increasingly common state of affairs), Sport Resolutions took on the paperwork, brokered a time/place for the hearing and assembled an expert panel from its 120-strong list of lawyers and relevant experts.
The hearing, chaired by (one of this country's top sports barristers), met for two days last month in London and when it was over was given his career back, a corrupt agent was thrown out of the sport and snooker was left bruised but not broken.
And like the vast majority of the 500-plus cases Sport Resolutions has dealt with since its inception in 1997, justice was done on time and within budget.
The Sport Resolutions approach brought the Higgins saga to a fair and final conclusion. Photo: AFP
Having stood outside the Higgins hearing for a day, I was determined to learn a little bit more about what was happening inside and discover if conflict resolution in sport is the growth industry it seems to be. So I gave them a call and arranged for my own hearing with chief executive Edward Proctor and his dispute resolution manager Richard Harry.
Last things first, business is booming but they are not spending it on exotic fish or Italian furniture. With a permanent staff of just four, a humble office above Fleet Street suffices.
Procter told me his staff have been "15% busier every year for the last three years". He also told me any profit the business makes is swallowed by pro bono work and if they were going to splash some cash it would be on renting their own arbitration venue (they currently lead a nomadic existence).
The keys to its success are its contacts (there is a waiting list to get on Sport Resolutions' expert list) and its track record.
With a typical arbitration case costing up £20,000 for each party (Mill's day-rate would be £5,000 alone), it is in everybody's interest to keep costs to a minimum and get on with it. Sport Resolutions is a no-frills operation.
But it is also sport specific. There are, of course, other arbitration services available (the Swiss-based , for example) but will they understand your budget, case and timescale?
Procter was too polite to criticise the competition but he did tell a funny story about a judge in a recent, high-profile case who seemed unaware of football's play-off system.
If there was one theme that emerged from my time with Procter and Harry, it was that courts, like the plague, should be avoided at all costs: too dangerous, expensive and messy.
In fact, if compromise is possible, mediation is by far the best bet. The problem, however, is convincing the competitive types typically involved in sport that "having your day in court" is not all it's cracked up to be.
Mediation's time will come but it may need a few more Modahls before the "why settle for one point when you can have all three?" mentality is left utterly bankrupt.
It is probably too late to convince the respective parties in the of the futility of visits to the High Court but it is something to bear in mind as the legal costs start to pinch. I will be playing count the QC this week and that is a game nobody wants to lose.
Which brings me back to the day I spent outside Higgins' hearing.
If you stand next to a satellite truck and camera long enough you will definitely draw a crowd. It was not too long before the huddle of hacks was joined by a steady stream of shoppers, tourists and workers.
"What's happening?" was the most common question, with "what's snooker?" coming a close second. But by far the most telling comment came when I explained we were waiting for the result of a snooker match-fixing inquiry.
"Match-fixing? Seems like an everyday occurrence these days," the man in the street said, hardly stopping. He did not give me time to disagree but even if he had, I would have struggled.
If it's not betting scandals involving cricketers, it is or another . Sport Resolutions is in a growing market, alright, and will be for some time to come.
Comment number 1.
At 12th Oct 2010, jcb211 wrote:Interesting read. It would seem that the legal wrangles behind the scenes are a growing part of modern day sport - especially in the money orientated sports like football where everybody wants a piece of the action. I suppose, even though it's slightly depressing, it's a good thing that specialists are popping up who can resolve these issues as expediently as possible.
Thats said, there should be no place in sport for cheats, and the Higgins affair has left me with little but disdain for snooker. I must admit, I have never been an avid watcher of the sport, but now even less so. If people cheat, Sports resolutions should sort out financial issues etc.... but the player/athlete in question shoudl be banned from all sport if found guilty. Match-fixing/cheating is a pandemic, and it needs to be stamped out with conviction.
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Comment number 2.
At 12th Oct 2010, BigOhGee wrote:Matt, your blods are always top notch.
This one was no different, always enjoy them.
Interesting to see that an expert organisation has popped up to try and catch this corner of the market as it does seem like an ever-increasing area. The Tevez-Sheffield United saga, Newcastle suing the FA over Owen's injury - I can only see it getting more and more common. It's a bit of a shame really, but a sign of the times that people are more willing to challenge things legally - usually because there is more money at stake.
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Comment number 3.
At 12th Oct 2010, BigOhGee wrote:blods?
blogs.
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Comment number 4.
At 12th Oct 2010, mayn wrote:This comment was removed because the moderators found it broke the house rules. Explain.
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Comment number 5.
At 12th Oct 2010, Matt Slater wrote:Afternoon, thanks for the comments. Some replies:
jcb211 - I agree, money is at the heart of much of this and as sport gets richer (or the rewards get bigger, anyway) the number of disputes and integrity cases will grow too.
But on the issue of Higgins, let me just say that I don't think he is a cheat. I can't say much about the hearing itself because Sports Resolution didn't tell me much (they couldn't, the hearings are supposed to be confidential) and the tidbits they did give me were very much off the record. But what I can say, based on a bit of inside info mixed with stuff in the public domain, is that both World Snooker and the expert panel completely accepted Higgins' defence that he only said what he thought the 'fixers' wanted to hear so he could get out of the room. The edited version of the video (4mins) that was published by the NOTW was much more incriminating than the full video (2hrs, I think). Mill and the panel saw the whole thing and quickly came to the same conclusion as World Snooker's investigator (an ex-copper) that Higgins had no idea what was going on. He also looked nervous/uncomfortable and eager to get out of the room. Mill felt very differently about Higgins' agent Pat Mooney, though. The only confusion here was what charges PM should face as there was a possibility that World Snooker lacked the authority to pursue all of them. So they dropped 2 charges and pressed on with the 2 that were easiest to prove. Mill agreed with this approach as they were more than enough to kick him out of the sport forever. Where Higgins was chastised by Mill was on the failing to report the incident immediately (he flew home after the meeting but said nothing).
BigOhGEe - Thanks, pal, much appreciated. And you're right about the increasing frequency of these cases. The interesting thing about Sport Resolutions is that it was set up 9 leading sports bodies that pretty much cover all the bases of British sport - BOA, BAC, CCPR, BPA and loads more letters - so it is run by sport, for sport. And the other thing that struck me was that while arbitration is their bread and butter, they are trying to encourage people to use their mediation service. Cheaper, quicker and less ugly. Doesn't work for everything - you can't mediate in a doping case - but there have been a number of contractual rows involving clubs/sacked managers that have been settled this way.
Anyway, back to Liverpool-watch, cheers
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Comment number 6.
At 12th Oct 2010, Tim wrote:Take the night off, Matt! Nothing will happen until the High Court ruling tomorrow morning, and then all Hell will break loose, regardless of the outcome!
On your original topic of sporting bodies and athletes being too willing to go to court, the Liverpool case is a prime example. What can Gillett and Hicks hope to achieve by winning this court case? "No, we don't want to sell and recoup £20m, we'd rather hold out for the forlorn hope of a higher bid, default on our loans and lose the lot." Soon the phrase "flogging a dead horse" will be replaced by the phrase "doing a Gillett".
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Comment number 7.
At 13th Oct 2010, ukathleticscoach wrote:There was an article in AW about Modahl being broke at the time. I lived in Sale at the time and a few months later (before the case was resolved) saw her down the shops in a brand new Golf!
You are right and I think fear of legal action stops IAAF & other sporting bodies stepping up the ban, eg from 2 to 4 years. Maybe things would be evened out if the dopers were charged under criminal law for fraud
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